The Aims Of Writing A Literature Review Education Essay

The Aims Of Writing A Literature Review preparation EssayWhat is check go forth of the literature?A literature review is a save up-up that aims to review the critical aspects of current goledge on a limited stem. Its an account of what has been published on a composition by lord scholars and inquiryers. Most often associated with science-oriented literature, such as a thesis, the literature review usu solelyy precedes a enquiry proposal, methodology and results section. The purpose is to bring the lecturer up to date with current literature on a root and variance the basis for future research that may be call(a) for in the bea. A comfortably literature review is characterized by a logical flow of ideas current and relevant references with consistent, appropriate referencing style correct use of terminology and an unbiased and comprehensive view of the previous research on the topic. It is not just a descriptive point in timeization of the stuff and nonsense avai lable, or a set of summaries.Besides enlarging your knowledge ab bulge out the topic, write a literature review lets you gain and demonstrate skills in 2 arasIn dustation seeking the ability to scan the literature efficiently, use manual or computerized methods, to identify a set of serviceable articles and booksCritical idea the ability to apply principles of analysis to identify unbiased and valid studies.A literature review must do these topicsBe organized some and related directly to the thesis or research interrogate you be developingSynthesize results into a summary of what is and is not known appoint argonas of controversy in the literatureFormulate questions that acquire further researchA literature review is a piece of discursive prose, not a list describing or summarizing one piece of literature later an other. Its usually a bad sign to see every divide beginning with the crap of a researcher. Instead, organize the literature review into sections that fox themes or identify trends, including relevant theory. You are not trying to list all the square published, but to synthesize and evaluate it according to the control concept of your thesis or research questionIf you are piece of music an annotated bibliography, you may hire to summarize apiece item briefly, but should notwithstanding follow through themes and concepts and do some critical assessment of natural. pipice an overall introduction and conclusion to state the scope of your coverage and to explicate the question, problem, or concept your chosen material illuminates. Usually you ordain stomach the option of grouping items into sections-this helps you indicate comparisons and relationships. You may be able to write a paragraph or so to introduce the focus of each sectionHow to do a literature search?Defining the topic In order to begin your literature review you must starting line define your research question. What is the purpose? What does it mean? What are t he key nomenclature? Are in that location other wrangling which could be used, such as synonyms, variations in spelling? What do you al drivey know close to the topic? What is the scope?Compiling a list of keywords Analyzing the topic of an essay question or research topic usually involves making a list of keywords or phrases. You bequeath need to include all the key concepts or ideas contained indoors the essay or research question. It might be useful to include alternative ways of phrasing and expressing concepts and ideas. Think about both general terms and very specific terms for broadening and constrictive your search. The keyword or phrase is the basic unit of both search. You may let it helpful to consult subject dictionaries and encyclopedias, or a textbook semblance for the common terminology of the subject area. The use of an index and/or synonym finder is also advisable to establish the useful terms.Identifying Re extensions Information is available in a hai l of formats. It is important for you to understand the significance of various formats so that you know what go away best suit your nurture requirements.BooksReference Materials ledgers league PapersDissertationsInternetIndexes/Abstracts PrintedElectronic DatabasesGovernment publicationsThesisPutting prorogues and figuresIf you order the table or figure in a seed, or if you demonstrable the information in the table or figure from a kickoff other than your own ab overlord research, you must cite the expert reservoir just below the table or figure, and again include the full source in your list of references at the end of the thesis.Table number and advertize is always mentioned on top of the table. Figure number and headline is mentioned at bottom of the figure.The source reference below the figure/table should be in a smaller font, in a bracket, in italics. Like thisTable 4 Numbers Unemployed in Co. Roscommon, 2000 2004electoral DistrictMaleAge couchFemaleAge rangeTota l(Source Jones, D. 2004. Impact of unemployment in rural areas of Connacht 2000 2004. Dublin Folens, p. 56.)Figure 4 Air Supply in Burma (June 1944 to April 1945)(Source Jones, D. 2004. Environmental Concerns. Dublin Folens, p. 56.)2. Bibliography FormatsEach cite in a bibliography has to notice a resource in generous detail that someone can go to a library (or out on the net, or to a bookstore), and see it for themselves. Imagine going to a bookshop and saying, Hi. I need that book on World warfare II. You know, the one that mentions Hitler? Thats why the specifics-formats, titles, generators, dates, etc.- are important.Writing the assessment What do I need to reference?When you are writing your assessment, be sure to role in reference information as you add in the ideas of other authors. This will save you time and will fit that you reference all sources properly. Whenever you use someone elses ideas or words, you must put in a reference. The only exception to this rule is when the information you acquire read someplace is common knowledge or public domain information. For example, you would not need to include a reference if you stated in an assignment that Shakespeare wrote plays and sonnets in Elizabethan times.You must always reference the following(i) Direct quotations this is when you sham another authors material word-for-word. You should show the ref that it is a direct restate by placing the material in invert commas. Traditionally, double inverted commas have been used () but it is now acceptable, and preferable to use single inverted commas (). Sometimes it is difficult to avoid the direct quotation as the authors words may precisely describe the point you are trying to make. However, do try to avoid the overuse of direct quotations try to paraphrase the authors naturalize where possible. Please note that when you use direct quotations, you must reproduce the authors words exactly, including all spelling, capitalisation, punctuation , and errors. You may show the reader that you recognise an error and that you are correctly quoting the author by placing the term sic in brackets afterward the error.(ii) Paraphrasing this is when you take another authors ideas and put them into your own words. You are still write someone elses work, so you must reference it. You do not need to use inverted commas when you paraphrase, but you must clearly show the reader the original source of your information.1. INTERNET RESOURCESIn the easy-come, easy -go world of the exculpate earnings, dates and addresses are particularly important. Two dates are required the date that the material was published or updated, and the date on which you actually used it. The address, or URL, of the site must be complete. This means including the access-mode identifier (e.g., http, ftp, gopher, telnet, news) as well as the path and charge clears. The address should also be enclosed in angle brackets .For an entire vane site the bibliograph ical form is fountain or Creator of site. entitle of Site. Date of site. . Date you used the site. The entree will feeling ilk thisHsu, David. Chemicol Periodic Table. 2005. . September 6, 2007.For an article within a web site the bibliographic form is Author of article. surname of Article. Title of Site. Date of site. . Date you used the site. The entry will guess manage thisU.S. Department of State. Sudan. Background Notes. March, 2007. . September 10, 2007.For online newspaper magazine articles , the bibliographic form is Author of Article. Title of Article. Title of Magazine or sorespaper. have it off date. . Date you used the site. The entry will look like thisJamieson, Alastair. Chinas trifle Story Turns Nasty After New Recall. The Scotsman. September 6, 2007.. September 12, 2007.2. stiff BOOKSA regular book usually has just one author, and comes in just one volume. The bibliographic form is Author. Title. Place Publisher, Date. The entry will look like thisHamm ond, Jeff. Real Men nominate in the Pits A Life in NASCAR Racing. PA Rodale, 2005.When there are two authors, the bibliographic form is First Author (last name first), and Second Author (first name first). Title. Place Publisher, Date. The entry will look like thisAngeletti, Norberto, and Alberto Oliva. In vogue The Illustrated History of the Worlds Most Famous Fashion Magazine. NY Rizzoli, 2006.When there are leash or more authors, the bibliographic form is First Author (last name first), et al. Title. Place Publisher, Date. The entry will look like thisBos, Samone, et al. Go The total World of Transportation. NY Dorling Kindersley, 2006.Books with an anonymous or unknown authorThe University Encyclopedia (1985) capital of the United Kingdom Roydon3. COLLECTIONS EDITED BOOKSA disposition is a book (or set of books) that contains whole kit and boodle by many different authors-like an edited book or proceeding, an encyclopedia, an fence Viewpoints book, or an anthology of shor t stories or poems. You usually use just one or two parts of it in your paper and the bibliographic form is Author of the Part. Title of the Part. Editor (or Compiler) of the Collection. Title of the Collection. Vol. (if present). Place Publisher, Date. The entry will look like thisCohen, Steve. Snowboarding. World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 17. IL World Book, Inc., 2003.Tatum, Becky L. Studies consume Not Established a Link Between Rap medication and Youth Violence. Gerdes, Louise I., ed. Media Violence, Opposing Viewpoints. CA Greenhaven Press, 2004.If you use several different working from the same anthology, you neednt cite each separately. The bibliographic form for citing an entire collection or anthology is Editor (or Compiler) of the Anthology. Title of the Anthology. Vol. (if present). Place Publisher, Date. The entry will look like thisNelson, Marilyn. A Wreath for Emmett Till. MA Houghton Mifflin, 2005.4. NEWSPAPERS MAGAZINESWhen citing an article from a mug copy of a newspaper or magazine, the most important thing to put down is the complete date. The bibliographic form is Author of Article. Title of Article.Title of Magazine or Newspaper. Complete date, Edition (if present) page number(s). The entry will look like thisRandall, Lisa. An American Physicist in Italy. Discover. July, 2007 56.LeBlanc, Emma. Refugees Tell NH Woman Their Stories. New Hampshire Union Leader. September 10, 2007, State Edition A1.5. JOURNALSThe conventions for listing journal articles are similar to books, but note the extra information required in the example below and apply this to all journal article listings.Muller, V. (1994) trap in the body Transsexualism, the law, sexual identity, The Australian Feminist Law Journal, vol. 3, August, pp. 103-107.Journal article with both volume and issue numberMuller, V. (1994) Trapped in the body Transsexualism, the law, sexual identity, The Australian Feminist Law Journal, vol. 3, no. 2, August, pp. 103-107.5. NON-PRINTMEDIAIf th e item is not print-based (like a film on DVD or VHS, an MP3 file or audio CD, or a set of slides), the bibliographic form is Producer or Director. Title. Format Place Distributor, Date. The entry will look like thisHampton, Henry. Eyes on the Prize II. VHS VA PBS Video, 1993.Lansing, Alfred. Endurance Shackletons Incredible Voyage. MP3 OR Blackstone Audio Books, 1991.May, Robert, and Steve James. The War Tapes. DVD NY Docurama, 2007.Paschen, Elise, and Rebekah Presson Mosby. Poetry Speaks Hear Great Poets Read Their Work from Tennyson to Plath. CD IL Sourcebooks MediaFusion, 2001.3. How to avoid plagiarisationScientific Misconduct and piracy galore(postnominal) people say that it is the intellect which makes a great scientist. They are equipment casualty it is character Albert EinsteinIn centuries of reading, writing, experimenting and hypothesizing, a persons work will needfully incorporate and overlap with that of others. However, occasional overlap is one thing systematic, unacknowledged use of the techniques, data, words or ideas of others is another. Your work has to be carried out candidly and objectively without bias and the results should be reported truthfully. Deviations may occur from the example due to ignorance or, at times, they may be willful deceptions. These deviations from the ideal, willful or otherwise, constitute what is known as scientific misconduct. While various types of scientific misconduct have been identified, those that comes to notice usually include fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, cyber-plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and duplicate publication. It is in demand(p) that all students should be made aware of these.This note defines plagiarism and sets guidelines.What is Plagiarism?Failure to acknowledge other colleagues scientific work-their ideas, language, or data.Verbatim write of passages without citing the original contributor, rewording of ideas, paraphrasing, and even total reproduction by simply changing the authors names and trying to pass the material as ones own. unaccredited use of ideas or unique methods obtained by a privileged communication, such as a grant or manuscript review.Passing off retrospective studies as prospective ones or deliberately omit references to originally works.How Plagiarism can be fall uponed?One of the important responsibilities of a reviewer is detection of plagiarized text due to his/her familiarity with published material in his/her area of interest. Technology has made it possible to carry out checks for sentences that are copied from previously published articles. There are dedicated web sites available that provide information on plagiarism ( www.plagiarism.org ) and software to detect plagiarism has made it easier for reviewers and editorial staff of journals to detect copying (www.ithenticate.com, www.writecheck.com and www.turnitin.com ). We have recommended to you the VIPER software.Dos and Donts of PlagiarismSome simple tips to be followed to avoid plagiarism areTake short notes from the source and then write moxie in your own words without looking back at the original source.Attribute references to any information or idea you are using from other sources, even if you are not directly using it.describe all sources of information curb acknowledgments to the original source by quoting author details at the end of the statement.Give details of the original source by providing footnotes . use up quotation marks wherever requiredIf you are paraphrasing, credit the original sourceFor extensive quotations, obtain permission from the newspaper of the original workObtain permission for use of published drawings or other illustrationsDos and Donts of ResearchDOMake sure you know what question youre trying to dissolving agent.Look at all kinds of sources before you pin up in on the ones that will be most useful.Read and digest. Give yourself time to do this.Think critically about what youve just read and how it directly relates to the question.Evaluate what youve got, the holes in your research, and where you need to go from here.Keep a running annotated bibliography going, sorting facts by source or marking your notes with a coding system so as to remember where individual facts came from. depart your thesis into sections before you begin researching. Make sure you devote zip fastener and time to finding information about all the topics you want to tackle. phone that the beginning of a thesis presents existing knowledge on a topic, whereas towards the end of a paper, you present your own thoughts.Use a var. of sources. Journals, books, e-books, newspaper and magazine articles, legitimate web sites, and course books can all be good sources, but which ones you use will depend on your topic.Talk to your professor about his or her expectations and ideas for sources.Talk to other students about their strategies for mapping out the research ahead.DONTSStuff so much information into your head at once that you cant remember what you well-educated and where you learned it from. You will lose sight of the point of the research project.Cite Wikipedia. Wikipedia is good for getting general information, but find an absolutely reliable source for your citations.Plagiarize. Learn what constitutes plagiarism and how to use sources responsibly.Dos and Donts of Internet ResearchThe internet provides a rich resource of information and data however there is great risk in using this all-too accessible resource. Self-regulating resources like Wikipedia and Google- or yahoo-search readily provide us with answers to just about any question we may pose. But which is it the right answer? And, is it the right answer? The very accessibility of online information makes it risky and often questionable. You need to be more vigilant of the veracity and reliability of your sources when acquiring information from the internet.To ensure that your information you have got is sound, one can do several thingsUse mor e than one source, particularly for important things this will give you a wider range of material from which to discern accuracy and reliability.Verify your sources and preferably cross-reference to measure out objective truth vs. bias.Try to use primary sources (original) vs. secondary or tertiary sources (original cited and open to interpretation) the closer you are to the original source, the closer you are to getting the original study.